Serving on the first editorial board were Europeans such as Blankenburg, Buytendijk, Gurwitsch, van den Berg, van Breda, and Straus. The journal was initially co-edited by Georges Thines and Carl F. In 1970 Giorgi launched the Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, which was at the outset a joint venture with European phenomenologically oriented psychologists and psychiatrists, as well as phenomenological philosophers. Also, the psychology curriculum required students to take a minimum of two courses in modern philosophy, whereas the psychology faculty consistently audited philosophy courses. John Scanlon, the translator of Husserl’s phenomenological psychology lectures, was particularly supportive as a consultant to Giorgi and his colleagues during this period-as was Richard Rojcewicz, Al Lingis, Lester Embree, and several non-Duquesne but sympathetic scholars such as Martin Dillon, William Richardson and many others whom, records show, were often invited as guest speakers and consultants.
While Giorgi took the lead role in the development of this methodology, it needs to be stressed that this a was also an interdisciplinary community endeavor that took place between the philosophy and psychology departments at Duquesne University spanning the 1960’s to the late 1980’s. In this context Giorgi and his colleagues articulated this distinctly phenomenological way of doing psychological research-a methodology consistent with its phenomenological foundations. It was as a response to this situation that the first systematically phenomenological psychology program was founded at Duquesne University in the early 1960’s. But they, nonetheless, like their European counterparts, also defaulted to non-phenomenological measurement techniques when it came to their own research designs. Similarly, American humanistic psychologists, sympathetic to phenomenology, were active critics of the deterministic approaches of mainstream psychology. In the early 1960’s Giorgi found phenomenology to be practiced in an ambivalent and often methodologically contradictory manner in European academic psychology. The following section is a synthesis that draws from historical accounts by Smith ( 2002), ( 2010), Cloonan ( 1995), and Churchill and Wertz’s ( 2015), as well as from the past experience of the authors. What follows is an outline of the original research method, where we also offer an example of data analysis as carried out by the researcher.īefore we launch into our main presentation, we believe that it is important to offer a brief historical review to illustrate the unique way in which this method developed in close collaboration with phenomenological philosophy. The centerpiece of this project has been the development of a qualitative research methodology that would make a phenomenological psychological science possible. As expressed by Amedeo Giorgi (quoted above), by emulating physical science, psychology gave up studying human beings "as persons." In response to this critical flaw at the heart of modern psychology, phenomenological psychologists endeavor to redirect psychology toward a more phenomenologically based direction. Historically, it is well known that psychology, by and large, has imitated the methodology of the natural sciences. For phenomenological psychologists the crucial challenge is, as expressed by Edmund Husserl (quoted above), to show how phenomenology provides a " concrete grounding" and " fertile significance" to the development of psychology as a science. Recently, there has been a healthy and long overdue discussion over how best to appraise the many new qualitative methods and how they contribute to scientific knowledge in psychology. From this brief sample analysis, the researcher offers a first-person reflection on the data analysis process to offer the reader an introduction to the diacritical nature of phenomenological psychological elucidation.
#Psychological phenomena mirror full#
We present this daydream analysis in full to show the concrete hands-on 5 step process through which the researcher explicated the participants’ expressions from the particular to the general. This is an anxiety daydream in response to the recent Covid-19 pandemic. We then offer a sample analysis of a brief description of an ordinary daydream. The substance of the article is then devoted to a detailed outline of the method’s whole-part-whole procedure of data analysis. After recounting the history of the method from the 1960’s to the present, we explain the rationale for why we view data collection as a process that should be adaptable to the unique mode of appearance of each particular phenomenon being researched. This data analysis method is inseparable from the broader project of establishing an autonomous phenomenologically based human scientific psychology. This article presents the tradition of phenomenologically founded psychological research that was originally initiated by Amedeo Giorgi.
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